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Perissodactyla (/ p ə ˌ r ɪ s oʊ ˈ d æ k t ɪ l ə /, from Ancient Greek περισσός, perissós 'odd' and δάκτυλος, dáktylos 'finger, toe' [3]), or odd-toed ungulates, is an order of ungulates.
Some researchers use "even-toed ungulates" to exclude cetaceans and only include terrestrial artiodactyls, making the term paraphyletic in nature. The roughly 270 land-based even-toed ungulate species include pigs , peccaries , hippopotamuses , antelopes , deer , giraffes , camels , llamas , alpacas , sheep , goats and cattle .
The order Artiodactyla consists of 349 extant species belonging to 132 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 132 genera can be grouped into 23 families; these families are grouped into named suborders and many are further grouped into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies.
Laurasiatheria (/ l ɔː r ˌ eɪ ʒ ə ˈ θ ɪər i ə,-θ ɛr i ə /; "Laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores (eulipotyphlans), bats (chiropterans), carnivorans, pangolins (), even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls), and all their extinct relatives.
Perissodactyla is an order of placental mammals composed of odd-toed ungulates – hooved animals which bear weight on one or three of their five toes with the other toes either present, absent, vestigial, or pointing backwards. Members of this order are called perissodactyls, and include rhinoceroses, tapirs, and horses.
The two extant orders of ungulates are the Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates). Hyracoidea (hyraxes) , Sirenia (sea cows, dugongs and manatees) and Proboscidea (elephants) were in the past grouped within the clade "Ungulata", later found to be a polyphyletic and now invalid clade.
The hoof (pl.: hooves) is the tip of a toe of an ungulate mammal, which is covered and strengthened with a thick and horny keratin covering. [1] Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates, species whose feet have an even number of digits; the ruminants with two digits are the most numerous, e.g. giraffe, deer, bison, cattle, goats, gazelles, pigs ...
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