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The troposphere on Venus contains 99% of the atmosphere by mass. 90% of the atmosphere of Venus is within 28 km (17.5 mi) of the surface; by comparison, 90% of the atmosphere of Earth is within 16 km (10 mi) of the surface. At a height of 50 km (31 mi) the atmospheric pressure is approximately equal to that at the surface of Earth. [34]
Venus's atmosphere is rich in primordial noble gases compared to that of Earth. [95] This enrichment indicates an early divergence from Earth in evolution. An unusually large comet impact [96] or accretion of a more massive primary atmosphere from the solar nebula [97] have been proposed to explain the enrichment.
The atmosphere of Venus is a prominent case of extreme super-rotation; the Venusian atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than Venus' sidereal day of 243 Earth days. [1] The initial observations of Venus' super rotation were Earth-based. Modern GCM models and observations are often enhanced by looking at past ...
10 kPa 1.5 psi Pressure increase per meter of a water column [26]: 10 kPa 1.5 psi Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation [citation needed]
The surface of Venus is comparatively flat. When 93% of the topography was mapped by Pioneer Venus Orbiter, scientists found that the total distance from the lowest point to the highest point on the entire surface was about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi), about the same as the vertical distance between the Earth's ocean floor and the higher summits of the Himalayas.
Planet Venus Observed with Modern Telescope on April 10, 2020. NASA's Magellan spacecraft mission discovered that Venus has a geologically young surface with a relatively uniform age of 500±200 Ma (million years). [3] The age of Venus was revealed by the observation of over 900 impact craters on the surface of the planet.
Although there is little possibility of existing life near the surface of Venus, the altitudes about 50 km (31 mi) above the surface have a mild temperature, and hence there are still some opinions in favor of such a possibility in the atmosphere of Venus. [35] [36] The idea was first brought forward by German physicist Heinz Haber in 1950. [37]
The atmospheric pressure on the surface is also at least ninety times greater than on Earth, which is equivalent to the pressure experienced under a kilometer of water on Earth. These conditions have caused missions to the surface to be extremely brief: the Soviet Venera 5 and Venera 6 probes were crushed by high pressure while still 18 km ...