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1. Every person has a woman that is their mother. Therefore, there is a woman that is the mother of every person. ((())) ((())) However, if the major premise ("every person has a woman that is their mother") is assumed to be true, then it is valid to conclude that there is some woman who is any given person's mother.
Logical Fallacies, Literacy Education Online; Informal Fallacies, Texas State University page on informal fallacies; Stephen's Guide to the Logical Fallacies (mirror) Visualization: Rhetological Fallacies, Information is Beautiful; Master List of Logical Fallacies, University of Texas at El Paso; Fallacies, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Pages in category "Quantificational fallacies" The following 3 pages are in this category, out of 3 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. E.
The McNamara fallacy is often considered in the context of the Vietnam War, in which enemy body counts were taken to be a precise and objective measure of success. War was reduced to a mathematical model: By increasing estimated enemy deaths and minimizing one's own, victory was assured.
Quantification bias, the tendency to ascribe more weight to measured/quantified metrics than to unquantifiable values. [29] See also: McNamara fallacy. Well travelled road effect, the tendency to underestimate the duration taken to traverse oft-travelled routes and overestimate the duration taken to traverse less familiar routes.
Each kind of quantification defines a corresponding closure operator on the set of formulas, by adding, for each free variable x, a quantifier to bind x. [9] For example, the existential closure of the open formula n >2 ∧ x n + y n = z n is the closed formula ∃ n ∃ x ∃ y ∃ z ( n >2 ∧ x n + y n = z n ); the latter formula, when ...
The scope of logic can therefore be very large, ranging from core topics such as the study of fallacies and paradoxes, to specialized analyses of reasoning such as probability, correct reasoning, and arguments involving causality. One of the aims of logic is to identify the correct (or valid) and incorrect (or fallacious) inferences.
The subject being studied is not well defined, [8] or some of its aspects are easy to quantify while others hard to quantify or there is no known quantification method (see McNamara fallacy). For example: While IQ tests are available and numeric, it is difficult to define what they measure, as intelligence is an elusive concept.