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Firefighting foam is a foam used for fire suppression. Its role is to cool the fire and to coat the fuel, preventing its contact with oxygen, thus achieving suppression of the combustion . Firefighting foam was invented by the Moldovan engineer and chemist Aleksandr Loran in 1902.
Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (commonly abbreviated TCPP) is a chlorinated organophosphate flame retardant commonly added to polyurethane foams. [1] Comparatively minor amounts are used in PVC and EVA. [2]
The retardant is applied ahead of wildfires to homes [5] [6] and vegetation by ground crews and aerial firefighting units, either fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft. [7] As of 2022, Phos-Chek LC-95A is the most used fire retardant in the world. [8] A Phos-Chek tank trailer at Ramona Airport
Certain supplemental fire protection insurance may include the application of fire-retardant gel to homes during wildfire. Claimed to work "best when applied hours before a fire approaches", gel is applied using specially designed trucks by private firms. However, danger may be high and private firms may interfere with fire efforts.
Fire-retardant materials should not be confused with fire-resistant materials. A fire resistant material is one which is designed to resist burning and withstand heat. An example of a fire-resistant material is one which is used in bunker gear worn by firefighters to protect them from the flames of a burning building.
After testing a dry type 2 foam in several situations, Johnny Murdock notes, "The emerging consensus is that the dryer foams (type II; maybe type I) should be used to suppress vapors, protect unburned structures, build wildland fire lines involving unburned fuels; … and that structural fire suppression requires a wetter foam (type IV or type ...
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Non-hazardous. Not restricted by depth of application. Fire resistant – flame spread 5, smoke spread 0 (ASTM-E-84) – will not smoke at all upon direct contact with flame and is a two-hour firewall at a 3.5 in (89 mm), or normal 2 in × 4 in (51 mm × 102 mm) stud wall, application per ASTM E-199.
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