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Explore demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and households receiving 11 social safety net programs from 2013 to 2019. See statistics on race, age, poverty, and more for each program or program combination.
Black Americans made up 29.1 percent of all recipients and whites made up 27.6 percent. Pew Research Center found that blacks are more likely than other ethnic groups to have received benefits at one point in their lives.
Non-Hispanic White people accounted for 44.6% of adult SNAP recipients and 31.5% of child recipients in 2020. About 27% of both adult and child recipients were Black. Hispanic people, who can be of any race, accounted for 21.9% of adult recipients and 35.8% of child recipients.
Poverty rates declined between 2018 and 2019 for all major race and Hispanic origin groups. Two of these groups, Blacks and Hispanics, reached historic lows in their poverty rates in 2019. The poverty rate for Blacks was 18.8%; for Hispanics, it was 15.7%.
This chapter examines the racial and ethnic disparities in welfare participation in the U.S. and explores their sources. It finds that most of the differences can be explained by measurable risk factors, such as income, education, and family structure, rather than by cultural or social norms.
Detailed data by race and ethnicity on income and other economic and demographic characteristics for the nation's civilian institutionalized and noninstitutionalized populations Current Population Survey (Census Bureau)
We construct a measure of consumption-equivalent welfare for Black and White Americans. Our statistic incorporates life expectancy, consumption, leisure, and inequality.
We construct a measure of consumption-equivalent welfare for Black and White Americans. Our statistic incorporates life expectancy, consumption, leisure, and inequality, with mortality rates playing a key role quantitatively.
The web page traces the history of social welfare policy in the U.S. from the New Deal to the 1996 reforms and shows how racism has discriminated against black Americans. It argues that racial...
This article analyzes the demographic characteristics, program participation, and spending patterns of families with children who receive means-tested government assistance in the United States. It compares families receiving assistance with families not receiving assistance, and examines the differences by program type and family structure.