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Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
However, with treatment, the ten-year survival rate is above 90%. Despite the benefits of treatment, people with autoimmune hepatitis generally have a lower transplant-free survival than the general population. [36] [37] [38] Outcomes with liver transplant are generally favorable with a five-year survival greater than 80 percent. [4]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Liver toxicity, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis [3] Kava: awa, kava-kava [4] Piper methysticum: Potentiates CNS sedatives, [3] chronic use might cause a reversible dry skin condition. [18] Khat: qat Catha edulis: Chronic liver dysfunction [3] [19] Kratom: Mitragyna speciosa: Hepatotoxicity [20] [19] Liquorice root Glycyrrhiza glabra
What it looks like: Psoriasis, another inflammatory condition that dermatologists see frequently, is known to causes scaly, itchy areas of thickened skin called plaques that can look like rashes.
Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and the person's symptoms. [2] Treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight, while treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution. [2] Rarely, a liver transplant may be carried out. [2]
An uncommon side effect is hepatic adverse events (most frequently reported as liver function test abnormalities). These have been described as mild/moderate cases of elevated liver enzymes in the blood. Mild skin reactions (rash, pruritus and eczema) have also been reported with diacerein treatment.
[29] [31] [32] Chloroquine treatment can induce porphyria attacks within the first couple of months of treatment due to the mass mobilization of porphyrins from the liver into the blood stream. [29] Complete remission can be seen within 6–12 months as each dose of antimalarial can only remove a finite amount of porphyrins and there are ...