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A Palestinian child labourer at the Kalya Junction, Lido beach, Delek petrol station, road 90 near the Dead Sea A child labourer in Dhaka, Bangladesh Child coal miners in Prussia, late 19th century A succession of laws on child labour, the Factory Acts, were passed in the UK in the 19th century.
[18] [19] Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset: novelist Charles Dickens, for example, worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in a debtors' prison. Reformers wanted the children in school: in 1840 only about 20 percent of the children in London had any schooling. [20]
The 19th century saw rapid technological development with a wide range of new inventions. This led Great Britain to become the foremost industrial and trading nation of the time. [ 70 ] Historians have characterised the mid-Victorian era (1850–1870) as Britain's 'Golden Years', [ 71 ] [ 72 ] with national income per person increasing by half.
The number of children under seven in schools for older children increased in the middle of the 19th century. [58] The first effective restrictions on the labour of children under the age of about nine or ten years were being introduced in some industries and technological advancement was reducing the usefulness of child labour.
Life and Labour of the People in London was a multi-volume book by Charles Booth which provided a survey of the lives and occupations of the working class of late 19th century London. The first edition was published in two volumes as Life and Labour of the People, Vol. I (1889) and Labour and Life of the People, Vol II (1891). [1]
At the beginning of the 19th century methods of coal extraction were primitive and the workforce, men, women and children, laboured in dangerous conditions. In 1841 about 216,000 people were employed in the mines. Women and children worked underground for 11 or 12 hours a day for lower wages than men. [1]
Child labor in Macon, Georgia, photo taken by Lewis Hine This is an article about a 19th-century British report. It should not be confused with the Sadler Commission, an investigation into Indian University education at the end of the First World War.
The articles comprising London Labour and the London Poor were initially collected into three volumes in 1851. The 1861 edition included a fourth volume, co-written with Bracebridge Hemyng, John Binny and Andrew Halliday, on the lives of prostitutes, thieves and beggars; this extra volume took a more general and statistical approach to its subject than the earlier works.