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1892 illustration of Moctezuma II. Moctezuma Xocoyotzin [N.B. 1] (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), retroactively referred to in European sources as Moctezuma II, [N.B. 2] was the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire (also known as the Mexica Empire), [1] reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520.
Moctezuma refused all medical help as well as food, and died soon after the attack. [27] The Aztecs later claimed that Moctezuma had been murdered by the Spanish. [2] [26] Two other local rulers were found strangled as well. [28] Moctezuma's younger brother Cuitláhuac, who had been ruler of Ixtlapalapan until then, was chosen as the Tlatoani. [2]
Grandson of Ahuitzotl (1486–1502). Elected as tlatoani after Cuitláhuac's death. Killed several of Moctezuma II's children to safeguard his right to the throne. [18] Led fierce resistance against the Spaniards but was captured and defeated in 1521. Retained position and title under Spanish rule but held in custody.
Moctezuma II instituted more imperial reforms. [40] The death of Nezahualcoyotl caused the Mexica Emperors to become the de facto rulers of the alliance. Moctezuma II used his reign to attempt to consolidate power more closely with the Mexica Emperor. [43] He removed many of Ahuitzotl's advisors and had several of them executed. [40]
The death of Moctezuma, depicted in the Florentine Codex 24 March – Leaders of Potoncan sue Spaniards for peace and gift the Spaniards, 20 slave women. One of the enslaved Nahua woman (known as La Malinche, Doña Marina, Malintze, and Malintzin), is multilingual and will serve as one of the main translators for the expedition.
Doña Isabel Moctezuma (born Tecuichpoch Ichcaxochitzin; 1509/1510 – 1550/1551) was a daughter of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was the consort of Atlixcatzin, a tlacateccatl , [ 1 ] and of the Aztec emperors Cuitlahuac , and Cuauhtemoc and as such the last Aztec empress.
Cuauhtémoc, in the name Guatemoc, is portrayed sympathetically in the adventure novel Montezuma's Daughter, by H. Rider Haggard. First appearing in Chapter XIV, he becomes friends with the protagonist after they save each other's lives. His coronation, torture, and death are described in the novel. [citation needed]
Moctezuma II was, although many sources depict him otherwise, a notable warrior who extended the tributary system, and consolidated the conquests made by his predecessors as well as conquering new territories. His campaigns reached as far south as Tapachula in the Soconusco region and the Chontal Maya states of Xicallanco in Tabasco.