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The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a solution containing a mixture of the two components to the acid dissociation constant, Ka of the acid, and the concentrations of the species in solution. [2] Simulated titration of an acidified solution of a weak acid (pKa = 4.7) with alkali. To derive the equation a number of simplifying ...
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of H+, and the pOH is defined as the negative logarithm of the concentration of OH-. For example, the pH of a 0.01M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is equal to 2 (pH = −log 10 (0.01)), while the pOH of a 0.01M solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is equal to 2 ...
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically by changes in absorption and/or emission properties. [1] Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H 3 O +) or hydrogen ions (H +) in the ...
The partition coefficient, abbreviated P, is defined as a particular ratio of the concentrations of a solute between the two solvents (a biphase of liquid phases), specifically for un- ionized solutes, and the logarithm of the ratio is thus log P. [10]: 275ff When one of the solvents is water and the other is a non-polar solvent, then the log P ...
The n-octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow is a partition coefficient for the two-phase system consisting of n -octanol and water. [1] Kow is also frequently referred to by the symbol P, especially in the English literature. It is also called n-octanol-water partition ratio. [2][3][4]
A sigmoid function is a function whose graph follows the logistic function. It is defined by the formula: σ {\displaystyle \sigma (x)= {\frac {1} {1+e^ {-x}}}= {\frac {e^ {x}} {1+e^ {x}}}=1-\sigma (-x).} In many fields, especially in the context of artificial neural networks, the term "sigmoid function" is correctly recognized as a synonym for ...
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Logarithmic scale. A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a method used to display numerical data that spans a broad range of values, especially when there are significant differences between the magnitudes of the numbers involved. Unlike a linear scale where each unit of distance corresponds to the same increment, on a logarithmic scale each ...
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