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The process of protein synthesis occurs in two steps: transcription and translation. In the first step, DNA is used as a template to make a messenger RNA molecule (mRNA). The mRNA thus formed, exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore and travels to the ribosome for the next step, translation.
The process of protein synthesis is summarized in the diagram below. DNA produces an RNA template, which then directs the amino acids to be introduced into the growing protein chain in the proper sequence.
The protein synthesis diagram shows that translation involves three key steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA molecule, and the initiator tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, binds to the start codon (AUG) on the mRNA.
Relate protein synthesis and its two major phases to the central dogma of molecular biology. Identify the steps of transcription, and summarize what happens during each step. Explain how mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus.
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.
Protein Synthesis is a process of synthesizing proteins in a chain of amino acids known as polypeptides. It is the second part of the central dogma in genetics. It takes place in the ribosomes found in the cytosol or those attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The decoding of information in a cell's DNA into proteins begins with a complex interaction of nucleic acids. Learn how this step inside the nucleus leads to protein synthesis in the...