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China's economy in 1976 was three times its 1949 size (but the size of the Chinese economy in 1949 was one-tenth of the size of the economy in 1936), and whilst Mao-era China acquired some of the attributes of a superpower such as: nuclear weapons and a space programme; the nation was still quite poor and backwards compared to the Soviet Union ...
China had entered World War I on the side of the Triple Entente in 1917. Although that year, 140,000 Chinese laborers were sent to the Western Front as a part of the Chinese Labor Corps , [ 9 ] the Treaty of Versailles ratified in April 1919 awarded rights to the German territories in Shandong to Japan.
In addition, in order to maintain the one-party state in China for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Deng proposed the "Four Cardinal Principles" at the CCP Theory Conference in March 1979, which soon became the limit of political liberalization in mainland China and were incorporated in the Constitution of China (1982). [151]
The Common Program described people's congresses as the primary organs through which the people would exercise state power. [1]: 26 It stated that the National People's Congress was the highest body of state power. [1]: 26 According to the Common Program, all state organs should practice democratic centralism. [1]: 26
This state considers and until the 1990s actively asserted itself to be the continuing sole legitimate ruler of all of China, referring to the communist government or "regime" as illegitimate, a so-called "People's Republic of China" (PRC) declared in Beijing by Mao Zedong in 1949, as "mainland China" and "communist bandit". The Republic of ...
One of the most successful local leaders was Mao Zedong, who turned the Jiangxi Soviet into a "state within a state". [1] In 1935, the Communists were handed a major military defeat, and the survivors made the Long March to a new base in northwest China. During the Long March, Mao rose from a regional leader to undisputed leader of the entire CCP.
The first Constitution of the People's Republic of China was declared in 1954. The current Constitution was declared in 1982, [2]: 82 after two intervening versions enacted in 1975 and 1978. There were significant differences between each of these versions, and the 1982 Constitution has subsequently been amended five times.
Elections in the People's Republic of China occur under a one-party authoritarian political system controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Direct elections , except in the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau , occur only at the local level people's congresses and village committees, with all candidate ...