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Agnatha (/ ˈ æ ɡ n ə θ ə, æ ɡ ˈ n eɪ θ ə /; [3] from Ancient Greek ἀ-(a-) 'without' and γνάθος (gnáthos) 'jaws') is a paraphyletic infraphylum [4] of non-gnathostome vertebrates, or jawless fish, in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both living (cyclostomes) and extinct (conodonts, anaspids, and ostracoderms, among others).
Cyclostomi, often referred to as Cyclostomata / s ɪ k l oʊ ˈ s t ɒ m ə t ə /, is a group of vertebrates that comprises the living jawless fishes: the lampreys and hagfishes.Both groups have jawless mouths with horny epidermal structures that function as teeth called ceratodontes, and branchial arches that are internally positioned instead of external as in the related jawed fishes. [1]
Thelodonti ('feeble-teeth') are a group of small, extinct jawless fishes with distinctive scales instead of large plates of armour. There is much debate over whether the group of Palaeozoic fish known as the Thelodonti (formerly coelolepids [11]) represent a monophyletic grouping, or disparate stem groups to the major lines of jawless and jawed ...
Lampreys / ˈ l æ m p r eɪ z / (sometimes inaccurately called lamprey eels) are a group of jawless fish comprising the order Petromyzontiformes / ˌ p ɛ t r oʊ m ɪ ˈ z ɒ n t ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /. The adult lamprey is characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth.
Hagfish, of the class Myxini / m ɪ k ˈ s aɪ n aɪ / (also known as Hyperotreti) and order Myxiniformes / m ɪ k ˈ s ɪ n ɪ f ɔːr m iː z /, are eel-shaped jawless fish (occasionally called slime eels). Hagfish are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although they do have rudimentary vertebrae. [3]
A newfound fossil of a jawless fish is the oldest known vertebrate cranium preserved in 3D. The 455 million-year-old find could illuminate how vertebrate heads evolved.
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys.
Arandaspis prionotolepis. This list of prehistoric jawless fish is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be jawless fish, excluding purely vernacular terms.