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The eyes are situated on rhopalia (small sensory structures) which serve sensory functions of the box jellyfish and arise from the cavities of the exumbrella (the surface of the body) on the side of the bells of the jellyfish. [41] The two large eyes are located on the mid-line of the club and are considered complex because they contain lenses.
Symmetry is tetramerous, with parts in fours or multiples of four. [11] The mitochondrial DNA molecules are linear rather than circular as in anthozoans and almost all other animals. [ 12 ] The cnidae, the explosive cells characteristic of the Cnidaria and used in prey capture and defence, are of a single type, there being nematocysts but no ...
Pacific sea nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens. Cnidaria (/ n ɪ ˈ d ɛər i ə, n aɪ-/ nih-DAIR-ee-ə, NY-) [4] is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species [5] of aquatic invertebrates found both in fresh water and marine environments (predominantly the latter), including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites.
In tandem with a “touch plate” which is situated near the spot-ocellus, tilt and gravity during the jellies' movements pulls downward on the dense lithocyst, which bends the entire rhopalial body such that the cells of the touch plate are either distant from or making contact with the lithocyst hood; this physical mechanism is how the ...
Jellyfish are slow swimmers, and most species form part of the plankton. Traditionally jellyfish have been viewed as trophic dead ends, minor players in the marine food web, gelatinous organisms with a body plan largely based on water that offers little nutritional value or interest for other organisms apart from a few specialised predators such as the ocean sunfish and the leatherback sea turtle.
Coelenterata is a term encompassing the animal phyla Cnidaria (corals, true jellies, sea anemones, sea pens, and their relatives) and Ctenophora (comb jellies). The name comes from Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos) 'hollow' and ἔντερον (énteron) 'intestine', referring to the hollow body cavity common to these two phyla.
Jellyfish reproduce sexually. Males release sperm through their mouth into the water column and this is received into the female's mouth, where fertilization occurs. Development occurs quickly, as the lifespan of a jellyfish is only a few months. The eggs develop either inside the female, or in brood pouches located on the oral arms.
The mesoglea may be thinner than either of the cell layers [6] in smaller coelenterates like a hydra or may make up the bulk of the body in larger jellyfish. The mesoglea serves as an internal skeleton, supporting the body. Its elastic properties help restore the shape after it is deformed by the contraction of muscles. [7]
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