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For students who consistently engage in disruptive behavior, the APA recommended that schools design a list of effective alternatives they can use with students. The APA discussed various options that schools can implement to decrease disruptive behavior, including restorative justice, alternative programs, and community service.
Restorative justice is an approach to justice that aims to repair the harm done to victims. [1] [2] In doing so, practitioners work to ensure that offenders take responsibility for their actions, to understand the harm they have caused, to give them an opportunity to redeem themselves, and to discourage them from causing further harm.
The goal of restorative programs is to keep students in school and to stop the flow of students from schools to the criminal justice system. [84] Some challenges to the use of restorative justice in schools are lack of time and community support. It requires balancing the time needed for mediation with the other demands of education in one ...
For example, in October 2020, the Richmond school board in Richmond, Virginia approved a plan to appoint a committee charged with overseeing school resource officers, as in-school juvenile arrests began skyrocketing in the district. During the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 school years, there were 400 arrests in Richmond Public Schools.
Restorative practices has its roots in restorative justice, a way of looking at criminal justice that emphasizes repairing the harm done to people and relationships rather than only punishing offenders. [11] In the modern context, restorative justice originated in the 1970s as mediation or reconciliation between victims and offenders.
Examples include the right to restitution, the right to a victims' advocate, and the right not to be excluded from criminal justice proceedings [2] [3]. A key principle underlying victims' rights is the need to avoid secondary victimisation in their implementation particularly when victims' are called to take a role in criminal justice proceedings.
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NB: The City of Williamsburg and James City County operate a joint school system. None of the system's two, soon to be three, public high schools are located in the City. See James City County for the public high schools. Walsingham Academy, Williamsburg