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2. Operating system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

   The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.

3. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

   Strictly speaking, an operating system (and thus, a kernel) is not required to run a computer. Programs can be directly loaded and executed on the "bare metal" machine, provided that the authors of those programs are willing to work without any hardware abstraction or operating system support. Most early computers operated this way during the ...

4. System software - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_software

   A kernel is the core part of the operating system that defines an application programming interface for applications programs (including some system software) and an interface to device drivers. Device drivers and firmware , including computer BIOS or UEFI , provide basic functionality to operate and control the hardware connected to or built ...

5. Mach (kernel) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_(kernel)

   Mach was developed as a replacement for the kernel in the BSD version of Unix, not requiring a new operating system to be designed around it. Mach and its derivatives exist within several commercial operating systems. These include all using the XNU operating system kernel which incorporates an earlier non-microkernel Mach as a major component.

6. macOS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

   At macOS's core is a POSIX-compliant operating system built on top of the XNU kernel, [81] (which incorporated large parts of FreeBSD kernel [14]) and FreeBSD userland [14] for the standard Unix facilities available from the command line interface. Apple has released this family of software as a free and open source operating system named Darwin.

7. Linux - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux

   This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 January 2025. Family of Unix-like operating systems This article is about the family of operating systems. For the kernel, see Linux kernel. For other uses, see Linux (disambiguation). Operating system Linux Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux Developer Community contributors, Linus Torvalds Written ...

8. Comparison of user features of operating systems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_user...

   MS-DOS (acronym for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft.Collectively, MS-DOS, its rebranding as IBM PC DOS, and some operating systems attempting to be compatible with MS-DOS, are sometimes referred to as "DOS" (which is also the generic acronym for disk operating system).

9. Security-Enhanced Linux - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux

   Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space tools that have been added to various Linux distributions .