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Some lower bones of the foot are fused to form the tarsometatarsus – a third segment of the leg specific to birds. [8] It consists of merged distals and metatarsals II, III and IV. [6] Metatarsus I remains separated as a base of the first toe. [4] The tarsometatarsus is the extended foot area, which gives the leg extra lever length. [7]
Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. Birds have a light skeletal system and light but powerful musculature which, along with circulatory and respiratory systems capable of very high metabolic rates and oxygen supply, permit the bird to fly.
The furcula (Latin for "little fork"; pl.: furculae) [a] or wishbone is a forked bone found in most birds and some species of non-avian dinosaurs, and is formed by the fusion of the two clavicles. [1] In birds, its primary function is in the strengthening of the thoracic skeleton to withstand the rigors of flight.
A number of birds have spurs on their feet or legs, usually formed from the lower portion of the tarsometatarsus bone. Best known are the spurs on chicken, though most galliform birds bear spurs. The spurs are mostly found in males, and used in mating competition or territory defence. Some birds have spurs on the wings rather than the legs.
Pigeon skeleton. Number 8 indicates both left and right tarsometatarsus. The tarsometatarsus is a bone that is only found in the lower leg of birds and some non-avian dinosaurs. . It is formed from the fusion of several bones found in other types of animals, and homologous to the mammalian tarsus (ankle bones) and metatarsal bones (foo
There are structural differences between the limb anatomy of plantigrades, unguligrades, and digitigrades. Digitigrade and unguligrade animals have relatively long carpals and tarsals, and the bones which correspond to the human ankle are thus set much higher in the limb than in a human. In a digitigrade animal, this effectively lengthens the ...
A highly unusual animal. The distinctive extremities of the sea robins are actually extensions of their pectoral fins, said study coauthor Amy Herbert, a postdoctoral scholar in Kingsley’s lab ...
Pigeon skeleton; numbers 10 and 11 indicates the tibiotarsus. The tibiotarsus is the large bone between the femur and the tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird.It is the fusion of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia.