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In the 1990s, refugees from the Yugoslav Wars sought asylum in Europe in large numbers. [97] In the 2010s, millions fled to Europe from wars in Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. More than 34,000 migrants and refugees have died trying to get to Europe since 1993, most often due to capsizing while trying to cross the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. [98]
There has been a tension created between the EU and nation states. Following the 2015 refugee crisis some member states enacted legislation to speed up deportations. [119] however the EU began threatening to withhold development aid from or impose visa restrictions on countries refusing to take in their own citizens. [citation needed]
The Dublin Regulation (Regulation No. 604/2013; sometimes the Dublin III Regulation; previously the Dublin II Regulation and Dublin Convention) is a Regulation of the European Union that determines which EU member state is responsible for the examination of an application for asylum, submitted by persons seeking international protection under the Geneva Convention and the Qualification ...
The Immigration Act, 1976, insured by the Parliament of Canada, was the first immigration legislation to clearly outline the objectives of Canadian immigration policy, define refugees as a distinct class of immigrants, and mandate the Canadian government to consult with other levels of government in the planning and management of immigration.
Under international law, a refugee is a person who has fled their own country of nationality or habitual residence, and cannot return due to fear of persecution on account of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.
Most refugees have arrived in smaller, poorer European countries. Poland has taken in an estimated 2 million; Ukraine's other EU neighbors — Romania, Slovakia and Hungary — have also seen high ...
It is used mostly in the context of the European Union and the Schengen Area, but has also been used by the Federal Court of Canada. [2] Refugees and asylum-seekers are protected by international convention under the principle of non-refoulement, which establishes that a country cannot force someone seeking refuge to return to a country of ...
The Temporary Protection Directive (TPD; Council Directive 2001/55/EC) is a 2001 European Union directive providing for immediate, temporary protection for displaced people from outside the external border of the Union, intended to be used in exceptional circumstances when the regular EU asylum system has trouble handling a "mass influx" of refugees.