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That is, h is the x-coordinate of the axis of symmetry (i.e. the axis of symmetry has equation x = h), and k is the minimum value (or maximum value, if a < 0) of the quadratic function. One way to see this is to note that the graph of the function f(x) = x 2 is a parabola whose vertex is at the origin (0, 0).
For example, the real numbers form the real line, which is pictured as the horizontal axis of the complex plane, while real multiples of are the vertical axis. A complex number can also be defined by its geometric polar coordinates : the radius is called the absolute value of the complex number, while the angle from the positive real axis is ...
The square root of 2 is equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1 and is therefore a constructible number. In geometry and algebra, a real number is constructible if and only if, given a line segment of unit length, a line segment of length | | can be constructed with compass and straightedge in a finite number of steps.
The distance along the line from the origin to the point z = x + yi is the modulus or absolute value of z. The angle θ is the argument of z. Argand diagram refers to a geometric plot of complex numbers as points z = x + iy using the horizontal x-axis as the real axis and the vertical y-axis as the imaginary axis. [3]
The coordinates are taken to be real numbers in elementary mathematics, but may be complex numbers or elements of a more abstract system such as a commutative ring. The use of a coordinate system allows problems in geometry to be translated into problems about numbers and vice versa; this is the basis of analytic geometry. [3]
Likewise, (x, −y) are the coordinates of its reflection across the first coordinate axis (the x-axis). In more generality, reflection across a line through the origin making an angle with the x-axis, is equivalent to replacing every point with coordinates (x, y) by the point with coordinates (x′,y′), where
In mathematics, a translation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x'y'-Cartesian coordinate system in which the x' axis is parallel to the x axis and k units away, and the y' axis is parallel to the y axis and h units away.
Signs of trigonometric functions in each quadrant. In the above graphic, the words in quotation marks are a mnemonic for remembering which three trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent and their reciprocals) are positive in each quadrant.