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  2. Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical...

    Many East Asian scripts can be written horizontally or vertically. Chinese characters, Korean hangul, and Japanese kana may be oriented along either axis, as they consist mainly of disconnected logographic or syllabic units, each occupying a square block of space, thus allowing for flexibility for which direction texts can be written, be it horizontally from left-to-right, horizontally from ...

  3. Sino-Xenic vocabularies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Xenic_vocabularies

    Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese scholars also later each adapted the Chinese script to write their languages, using Chinese characters both for borrowed and native vocabulary. Thus, in the Japanese script, Chinese characters may have both Sino-Japanese readings ( on'yomi ) and native readings ( kun'yomi ). [ 8 ]

  4. CJK characters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJK_characters

    In internationalization, CJK characters is a collective term for graphemes used in the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean writing systems, which each include Chinese characters. It can also go by CJKV to include Chữ Nôm , the Chinese-origin logographic script formerly used for the Vietnamese language , or CJKVZ to also include Sawndip , used to ...

  5. Cursive script (East Asia) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursive_script_(East_Asia)

    Cursive script (Chinese: 草書, 草书, cǎoshū; Japanese: 草書体, sōshotai; Korean: 초서, choseo; Vietnamese: thảo thư), often referred to as grass script, is a script style used in Chinese and East Asian calligraphy. It is an umbrella term for the cursive variants of the clerical script and the regular script. [1]

  6. Vietnamese alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet

    Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.

  7. Ruby character - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_character

    Ruby characters or rubi characters (Japanese: ルビ; rōmaji: rubi; Korean: 루비; romaja: rubi) are small, annotative glosses that are usually placed above or to the right of logographic characters of languages in the East Asian cultural sphere, such as Chinese hanzi, Japanese kanji, and Korean hanja, to show the logographs' pronunciation; these were formerly also used for Vietnamese chữ ...

  8. Vietnamese language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_language

    The writing system used for Vietnamese is based closely on the system developed by Alexandre de Rhodes for his 1651 Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum. It reflects the pronunciation of the Vietnamese of Hanoi at that time, a stage commonly termed Middle Vietnamese (tiếng Việt trung đại).

  9. List of Chinese–Japanese false friends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese–Japanese...

    As a result of the aforementioned lack of a Japanese writing system, Chinese was used almost exclusively in texts. The Heian period (794–1185) facilitated the emergence of a system known as kanbun , which involved the use of Chinese text with diacritical marks that allowed Japanese speakers to read and restructure Chinese sentences.