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In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix into a rotation, followed by a rescaling followed by another rotation. It generalizes the eigendecomposition of a square normal matrix with an orthonormal eigenbasis to any m × n {\displaystyle m\times n} matrix.
The Python package NumPy provides a pseudoinverse calculation through its functions matrix.I and linalg.pinv; its pinv uses the SVD-based algorithm. SciPy adds a function scipy.linalg.pinv that uses a least-squares solver. The MASS package for R provides a calculation of the Moore–Penrose inverse through the ginv function. [24] The ginv ...
MATLAB – The SVD function is part of the basic system. In the Statistics Toolbox, the functions princomp and pca (R2012b) give the principal components, while the function pcares gives the residuals and reconstructed matrix for a low-rank PCA approximation. Matplotlib – Python library have a PCA package in the .mlab module.
The term higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) was coined be DeLathauwer, but the algorithm referred to commonly in the literature as the HOSVD and attributed to either Tucker or DeLathauwer was developed by Vasilescu and Terzopoulos. [6] [7] [8] Robust and L1-norm-based variants of HOSVD have also been proposed. [9] [10] [11] [12]
C, Java, C#, Fortran, Python 1970 many components Non-free Proprietary General purpose numerical analysis library. LAPACK [7] [8] Fortran 1992 3.12.0 / 11.2023 Free 3-clause BSD: Numerical linear algebra library with long history librsb: Michele Martone C, Fortran, M4 2011 1.2.0 / 09.2016 Free GPL
A number of solutions to the problem have appeared in literature, notably Davenport's q-method, [2] QUEST and methods based on the singular value decomposition (SVD). Several methods for solving Wahba's problem are discussed by Markley and Mortari.
The SVD decomposes M into three simple transformations: a rotation V *, a scaling Σ along the rotated coordinate axes and a second rotation U. Σ is a (square, in this example) diagonal matrix containing in its diagonal the singular values of M , which represent the lengths σ 1 and σ 2 of the semi-axes of the ellipse.
Latent semantic indexing (LSI) is an indexing and retrieval method that uses a mathematical technique called singular value decomposition (SVD) to identify patterns in the relationships between the terms and concepts contained in an unstructured collection of text. LSI is based on the principle that words that are used in the same contexts tend ...