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Thyroid disease in women is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid in women. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy and on the child. It also is called Hashimoto's thyroiditis (theye-royd-EYET-uhss). During pregnancy, the infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of birth defects.
Autoimmune diseases affecting other organs most commonly associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis include celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo, alopecia, [51] Addison disease, Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis [13] [52] Autoimmune thyroiditis has also been seen in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes type 1 and 2.
Ord's thyroiditis is an atrophic form of chronic thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's own antibodies fight the cells of the thyroid. It is named after the physician, William Miller Ord, who first described it in 1877 and again in 1888. It is more common among women than men.
However, for a chronic illness like Hashimoto’s disease, long-term treatment may be required. Hypothyroidism is treated with a thyroid replacement medication called levothyroxine, says Jaggi.
Women, people with another autoimmune condition (like type 1 diabetes), and people between the ages of 30 to 60 are all at a greater risk of developing Graves’ disease, per Mayo Clinic.
Some women with autoimmune diseases may have problems getting pregnant. This can happen for many reasons such as medication types or even disease types. [59] Tests can tell if fertility problems are caused by an autoimmune disease or an unrelated reason. Fertility treatments are able to help some women with autoimmune disease become pregnant. [2]
In the United States, autoimmune inflammation is the most common form of thyroid disease while worldwide hypothyroidism and goiter due to dietary iodine deficiency is the most common. [35] [4] According to the American Thyroid Association in 2015, approximately 20 million people in the United States alone are affected by thyroid disease.
Thyroiditis is generally caused by an immune system attack on the thyroid, resulting in inflammation and damage to the thyroid cells. This disease is often considered a malfunction of the immune system and can be associated with IgG4-related systemic disease, in which symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and noninfectious aortitis also occur.