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Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) are a method of signaling interrupts, using special in-band messages to replace traditional out-of-band signals on dedicated interrupt lines. While message signaled interrupts are more complex to implement in a device, they have some significant advantages over pin-based out-of-band interrupt signalling, such ...
In a computer, an interrupt request (or IRQ) is a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program, an interrupt handler, to run instead. Hardware interrupts are used to handle events such as receiving data from a modem or network card, key presses, or mouse movements.
To communicate with the main computer system, several forms of communication can be used, including ACPI, SMBus, or shared memory. The embedded controller has its own RAM, independent of that used by the main computer system, and often its own flash ROM on which the controller's software is stored. Many BIOS updates also include upgrades for ...
The functions below are usually provided by the super I/O if they are on the motherboard: A floppy-disk controller [2] An IEEE 1284-compatible parallel port [2] (commonly used for printers) One or more 16C550-compatible serial port UARTs [2] Keyboard controller for PS/2 keyboard and/or mouse
In 2015, Laptop magazine ranked MSI the fourth-best laptop brand of the year, [49] [50] and according to Topology Research Institute, MSI was the largest gaming laptop supplier worldwide in 2016. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] MSI had also been awarded the Taiwan Excellence award for 15 consecutive years in 2013. [ 53 ]
The first computer, and laptop, to use CAMM2 memory modules is the Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 released in April 2024. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In May 2024, MSI announced the first desktop consumer motherboard with CAMM2 support, the Z790 Project Zero Plus.
On some systems, a computer user can trigger an NMI through hardware and software debugging interfaces and system reset buttons. Programmers typically use debugging NMIs to diagnose and fix faulty code. In such cases, an NMI can execute an interrupt handler that transfers control to a special monitor program. From this program, a developer can ...
PC—Personal Computer; PCB—Printed Circuit Board; PCB—Process Control Block; PC DOS—Personal Computer Disc Operating System; PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect; PCIe—PCI Express; PCI-X—PCI Extended; PCL—Printer Command Language; PCMCIA—Personal Computer Memory Card International Association; PCM—Pulse-Code Modulation