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Inspection may be manual, conducted by an inspector using imaging equipment, or automated using machine vision. [citation needed] Since the similarity of materials between weld and workpiece, and between good and defective areas, provides little inherent contrast, the latter usually requires methods other than simple imaging.
In addition to welders and welding machine operators, there are also schemes to independently certify welding inspectors and related specialities. The duties of the welding inspector are described in ISO 14731; [12] however the requirement for inspector certification are not standardized, so there are differences in requirement between the various schemes.
The symbolic representation of a V weld of chamfered plates in a technical drawing. The symbols and conventions used in welding documentation are specified in national and international standards such as ISO 2553 Welded, brazed and soldered joints -- Symbolic representation on drawings and ISO 4063 Welding and allied processes -- Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers.
During laser welding, air bubbles can form and cause a degradation in the mechanical properties of the joint. Current inspection techniques are limited to finding air bubbles on the surface of the weld (optical and scanning electron microscopy). Destructive testing is usually required to find volumetric flaws.
The Canadian Welding Bureau, through CSA Standards W47.1, [3] W47.2 [4] and W186, [5] specifies both a WPS and a Welding Procedure Data Sheet (WPDS) to provide direction to the welding supervisor, welders and welding operators. The WPS provides general information on the welding process and material grouping being welded, while the WPDS ...
Welding - Guidance on the measurement of preheating temperature, interpass temperature and preheat maintenance temperature ISO 13918: Welding - Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding: ISO 13919-1: Welding - Electron and laser-beam welded joints - Guidance on quality level for imperfections - Part 1: Steel ISO 13919-2
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