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Polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome, which is characterized by numerous polyps in the colon and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. [1] It is caused by germline mutations in DNA polymerase ε and δ . [1]
The serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is a relatively rare condition characterized by multiple and/or large serrated polyps of the colon. Serrated polyps include SSLs, hyperplastic polyps, and traditional serrated adenomas. Diagnosis of this disease is made by the fulfillment of any of the World Health Organization's (WHO) clinical criteria. [4]
Traditional serrated adenoma seen under microscopy with H&E stain, showing serrated crypts. SPS may occur with one of two phenotypes: distal or proximal. [6] The distal phenotype may demonstrate numerous small polyps in the distal colon and rectum, whereas the proximal phenotype may be characterized by relatively fewer, but larger polyps in the proximal colon (cecum, ascending colon, etc.). [6]
Since these lesions do not have malignant potential, long-term observation with imaging surveillance is unnecessary. [4] Surgery can include the removal of the head of the pancreas (a pancreaticoduodenectomy ), removal of the body and tail of the pancreas (a distal pancreatectomy ), or rarely removal of the entire pancreas (a total ...
The American Journal of Gastroenterology is a peer-reviewed medical journal owned by the American College of Gastroenterology. It has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins since 2019 and was previously published by Nature Research, [1] Blackwell and (before 2004) Elsevier. [2]
Traditional serrated adenoma is a premalignant type of polyp found in the colon, often in the distal colon (sigmoid, rectum). Traditional serrated adenomas are a type of serrated polyp, and may occur sporadically or as a part of serrated polyposis syndrome. Traditional serrated adenomas are relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of all ...
The “spacing effect” refers to a phenomenon whereby learning, or the creation of a memory, occurs more effectively when information, or exposure to a stimulus, is spaced out.
The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) is a Bethesda, Maryland–based medical association of gastroenterologists.. The association was founded in 1932 [1] and holds annual meetings and regional postgraduate continuing education courses, establishes research grants, and publishes The American Journal of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology and The ACG Case ...