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Glyptodon (lit. ' grooved or carved tooth '; from Ancient Greek γλυπτός (gluptós) 'sculptured' and ὀδοντ-, ὀδούς (odont-, odoús) 'tooth') [1] is a genus of glyptodont, an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos, that lived from the Pliocene, around 3.2 million years ago, [2] to the early Holocene, around 11,000 years ago, in South America.
The first is the traditional Glyptodontinae, which is includes the well known genera of Glyptodon and Glyptotherium, which probably originated in Northern South America, while the second is the unnamed "Austral clade", containing the majority of glyptodont diversity, which as the name suggests probably originated in Southern South America.
Brown also recombined Glyptodon mexicanum into Brachyostracon mexicanum. [13] Brachyostracon is now seen synonymous with Glyptotherium on the genus level, but G. cylindricum is a valid species. [2] [14] In 1923, Oliver Perry Hay named a new species of Glyptodon, G. rivipacis, based on the fossils described by Leidy from DeSoto County, Florida. [15]
(Tree sloths lost these articulations to increase the flexibility of their spines, but their fossil ancestors had xenarthrous joints.) Additional points of articulation between vertebrae strengthen and stiffen the spine , an adaptation developed in different ways in various groups of mammals that dig for food.
Doedicurus (Ancient Greek δοῖδυξ "pestle" and oυρά "tail") is an extinct genus of glyptodont from South America containing one species, D. clavicaudatus.Glyptodonts are a member of the family Chlamyphoridae, which also includes some modern armadillo species, and they are classified in the superorder Xenarthra alongside sloths and anteaters.
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Hoplophorus is a member of the glyptodontinae subfamily, a group of extinct, heavily armored armadillos that existed in the Americas during the Cenozoic. Hoplophorus was one of the last glyptodonts to become extinct, with the youngest fossils dating to the early Holocene and few are older than the Pleistocene.
Chlamyphoridae is a family of cingulate mammals. While glyptodonts have traditionally been considered stem-group cingulates outside the group that contains modern armadillos , there had been speculation that the extant family Dasypodidae could be paraphyletic based on morphological evidence.
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