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A principal diagonal of a hexagon is a diagonal which divides the hexagon into quadrilaterals. In any convex equilateral hexagon (one with all sides equal) with common side a, there exists [11]: p.184, #286.3 a principal diagonal d 1 such that and a principal diagonal d 2 such that
The diagonals of a cube with side length 1. AC' (shown in blue) is a space diagonal with length , while AC (shown in red) is a face diagonal and has length .. In geometry, a diagonal is a line segment joining two vertices of a polygon or polyhedron, when those vertices are not on the same edge.
If a hexagon has an inscribed conic, then by Brianchon's theorem its principal diagonals are concurrent (as in the above image). Concurrent lines arise in the dual of Pappus's hexagon theorem. For each side of a cyclic hexagon, extend the adjacent sides to their intersection, forming a triangle exterior to the given side.
Brianchon's theorem can be proved by the idea of radical axis or reciprocation. To prove it take an arbitrary length (MN) and carry it on the tangents starting from the contact points: PL = RJ = QH = MN etc. Draw circles a, b, c tangent to opposite sides of the hexagon at the created points (H,W), (J,V) and (L,Y) respectively.
The two diagonals and the two tangency chords are concurrent. [11] [10]: p.11 One way to see this is as a limiting case of Brianchon's theorem, which states that a hexagon all of whose sides are tangent to a single conic section has three diagonals that meet at a point. From a tangential quadrilateral, one can form a hexagon with two 180 ...
One diagonal crosses the midpoint of the other diagonal at a right angle, forming its perpendicular bisector. [9] (In the concave case, the line through one of the diagonals bisects the other.) One diagonal is a line of symmetry. It divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles that are mirror images of each other. [7]
Viviani's theorem generalizes to equilateral polygons: [2] The sum of the perpendicular distances from an interior point to the sides of an equilateral polygon is independent of the location of the interior point. The principal diagonals of a hexagon each divide the hexagon into quadrilaterals.
The diagonals divide the polygon into 1, 4, 11, 24, ... pieces. [ a ] For a regular n -gon inscribed in a circle of radius 1 {\displaystyle 1} , the product of the distances from a given vertex to all other vertices (including adjacent vertices and vertices connected by a diagonal) equals n .