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Armillaria ostoyae (synonym Armillaria solidipes) is a species of fungus , pathogenic to trees, in the family Physalacriaceae. In the western United States, it is the most common variant of the group of species under the name Armillaria mellea .
Armillaria mellea Armillaria hinnulea. The basidiocarp (reproductive structure) of the fungus is a mushroom that grows on wood, typically in small dense clumps or tufts. Their caps (mushroom tops) are typically yellow-brown, somewhat sticky to touch when moist, and, depending on age, may range in shape from conical to convex to depressed in the center.
A. mellea is the type species of the genus Armillaria.. Armillaria is a genus of fungi commonly known as honey mushrooms. First treated by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821, and later assigned generic rank by Friedrich Staude in 1857, [1] Armillaria is classified in the family Physalacriaceae of the Agaricales, the gilled mushrooms. [2]
Armillaria mellea, commonly known as honey fungus, is an edible basidiomycete fungus in the genus Armillaria. It is a plant pathogen and part of a cryptic species complex of closely related and morphologically similar species. It causes Armillaria root rot in many plant species and produces mushrooms around the base of trees it has infected.
Armillaria root rot is a fungal root rot caused by several different members of the genus Armillaria. The symptoms are variable depending on the host infected, ranging from stunted leaves to chlorotic needles and dieback of twigs and branches.
Though mushroom fruiting bodies are short-lived, the underlying mycelium can itself be long-lived and massive. A colony of Armillaria solidipes (formerly known as Armillaria ostoyae) in Malheur National Forest in the United States is estimated to be 2,400 years old, possibly older, and spans an estimated 2,200 acres (8.9 km 2). [23]
Armillaria root disease Armillaria solidipes. Armillaria spp. Black stain root disease Leptographium wageneri var. pseudotsugae: Blue stain fungus Grosmannia clavigera: Bleeding sap rot Stereum sanguinolentum: Brown crumbly rot Fomitopsis pinicola: Brown cubical rot Laetiporus sulphureus: Brown trunk rot Fomitopsis officinalis: Charcoal root ...
Armillaria gallica is a weaker pathogen than the related A. mellea or A. solidipes, and is considered a secondary parasite—typically initiating infection only after the host's defenses have been weakened by insect defoliation, drought, or infection by another fungus. [68] Fungal infection can lead to root rot or butt rot. [69]