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GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular ...
LILO (Linux Loader) is a bootloader for Linux and was the default boot loader for most Linux distributions [when? Unlike loadlin , it allowed booting Linux without having DOS on the computer. [ 3 ] As of 2009, most distributions have switched to GRUB as the default boot loader. [ 4 ]
GNU GRUB is the reference implementation used in the GNU operating system and other operating systems. [3] As of July 2019, the latest version of Multiboot specification is 0.6.96, defined in 2009. [2] An incompatible second iteration with UEFI support, Multiboot2 specification, was later introduced.
systemd-boot is a free and open-source boot manager created by obsoleting the gummiboot project and merging it into systemd in May 2015. [1] [2] [3] [4]gummiboot was developed by the Red Hat employees Kay Sievers and Harald Hoyer and designed as a minimal alternative to GNU GRUB for systems using the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).
Unlike existing Linux boot images, the Dracut framework attempts to introduce as little hard-coded logic into the initramfs as possible. [1] The initramfs has essentially one purpose: locating and mounting the real root file system so that the boot process can transition to it. [ 1 ]
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Normally, pronunciation is given only for the subject of the article in its lead section. For non-English words and names, use the pronunciation key for the appropriate language. If a common English rendering of the non-English name exists (Venice, Nikita Khrushchev), its pronunciation, if necessary, should be indicated before the non-English one.
29 October 2009 saw the release of Xubuntu 9.10, which utilized Xfce 4.6.1, Linux kernel 2.6.31 and by default the ext4 file system and GRUB 2. This release included the Exaile 0.3.0 music player, the Xfce4 power manager replaced the Gnome Power Manager and improved desktop notifications using notify-osd. Upstart boot-up speed was improved. [26]