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Non-linear growth of digital global information-storage capacity and the waning of analog storage [1] [needs update] Big data primarily refers to data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software. Data with many entries (rows) offer greater statistical power, while data with higher ...
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. [1] Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science ...
Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science. According to Vitaly Friedman (2008) the "main ...
Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of them. [1] This process becomes significant in a variety of situations, which include both commercial (such as when two similar companies need to merge their databases) and scientific (combining research results from different bioinformatics repositories, for example) domains.
Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country" [ 1 ]) is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [ 2 ] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a ...
t. e. In common usage, data (/ ˈdeɪtə /, also US: / ˈdætə /) is a collection of discrete or continuous values that convey information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may be further interpreted formally. A datum is an individual value in a collection of ...
Secondary data. Secondary data refers to data that is collected by someone other than the primary user. [1] Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, information collected by government departments, organizational records and data that was originally collected for other research purposes. [2]
In statistics and research design, an index is a composite statistic – a measure of changes in a representative group of individual data points, or in other words, a compound measure that aggregates multiple indicators. [1][2] Indices – also known as indexes and composite indicators – summarize and rank specific observations. [2]