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Handsome Lake was born as Hadawa'ko ("Shaking Snow") around 1735 in the Seneca village of Canawaugus, on the Genesee River near present-day Avon, New York. Very little is known of his parents; his mother, Gahonnoneh, later had an affair with a Dutch fur trader and gunsmith, resulting in the birth of Handsome Lake's half-brother, Cornplanter.
Onondaga longhouse on the Six Nations Reservation in the early 1900s. The Longhouse Religion is the popular name of the religious movement also known as the Code of Handsome Lake or Gaihwi:io/Kaliwihyo (Good Message), founded in 1797/1799 by the Seneca prophet Handsome Lake (Sganyodaiyoˀ).
John Arthur Gibson (March 1, 1850 – November 1, 1912) [1] [2] was also known as "Ganio'dai'io'," ("Promoter of the Code of Handsome Lake") [3] and "Skanyadehehyoh" [4] (or "Skanyadai'iyo"), [5] was born to his father, also named John Gibson, who was an Onondaga chief [6] the name given to the traditional Seneca office-chief of Handsome Lake.
He was raised in Canawaugus, a Seneca village known as Ga:non'wagês (in the Seneca language), on the east side of the Genesee River, a site that has since been absorbed into the village of Avon, Livingston County, New York. [4] The war chief Cornplanter and sachem Handsome Lake were his maternal uncles and also lived at Ga:non'wagês. [4]
Canawaugus was one of the most populous of the Seneca villages, with a population approaching 1000 people. [4]: p.166 The Seneca religious leader Handsome Lake was born here about 1735. Governor Blacksnake moved here shortly after his birth. [1]: p.46 Cornplanter was born here around 1750.
Cornplanter had an older half-brother, Handsome Lake, who later became a Seneca religious leader. He was the uncle of the influential sachem Chainbreaker, [4] and the nephew of Guyasuta, a leader of the western Seneca during Pontiac's War. [13] Cornplanter married twice and had seven children.
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Native American religions were prevalent in the pre-Columbian era, including state religions.Common concept is the supernatural world of deities, spirits and wonders, such as the Algonquian manitou or the Lakotaʼs wakan, [19] [20] [9] as well as Great Spirit, [21] Fifth World, world tree, and the red road among many Indians.