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According to Goldman, these chains can only exist with the presence of an accepted fact, a belief in the fact, and a cause for the subject to believe the fact. [1] The essay also explores the ideas of perception and memory through the use of the causal chains and the concept of knowledge.
It is also possible that people can only focus on one thought at a time, so find it difficult to test alternative hypotheses in parallel. [3]: 198–199 Another heuristic is the positive test strategy identified by Klayman and Ha, in which people test a hypothesis by examining cases where they expect a property or event to occur. This heuristic ...
This illusion occurs when an individual notices something recently, leading them to be convinced that it originated recently as well. [4] This phenomenon amplifies frequency illusion since it leads the person to become more aware of recent stimuli and increases the chances of them focusing on it in the near future. [ 9 ]
Egocentric bias is the tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a different perception of oneself relative to others. [34] The following are forms of egocentric bias: Bias blind spot , the tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself.
Repetition makes statements easier to process relative to new, unrepeated statements, leading people to believe that the repeated conclusion is more truthful. The illusory truth effect has also been linked to hindsight bias , in which the recollection of confidence is skewed after the truth has been received.
The cover of The Peter Principle (1970 Pan Books edition). The Peter principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to rise to "a level of respective incompetence": employees are promoted based on their success in previous jobs until they reach a level at which they are no longer competent, as skills in one job do not ...
Selective perception – If people are confronting unsympathetic material, they do not perceive it, or make it fit for their existing opinion. Selective retention – refers to the process of categorizing and interpreting information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another.
Unlike the optional innovation decision process, these decision processes only occur within an organization or hierarchical group. Research indicated that, with proper initial screening procedures, even simple behavioral model can serve as a good predictor for technology adoption in many commercial organizations. [ 37 ]