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The Bourbon reforms have been termed "a revolution in government" for their sweeping changes to the structure of the administration, which sought to strengthen the power of the Spanish state, decrease the power of local elites in favor of office holders from the Iberian peninsula, and increase revenues for the crown. [13]
The Bourbon Reforms resulted in the transfer of regular Spanish Army troops from Spain to New Spain, the raising several colonial line infantry regiments, and the creation of a colonial militia which also included former slaves. The northern frontier was the exception to the peacefulness of Mexico, with constant warfare with the nomadic Native ...
Once they consolidated rule in Spain, the Bourbon monarchs embarked upon a series of reforms to revitalize the Spanish empire, which had significantly declined in power in the late Habsburg era. The ideas of the Age of Enlightenment had a strong impact in Spain and a ripple effect in Spanish American Enlightenment in Spain's overseas empire.
There is a debate among historians over what the main factor was, but what is clear is that the need for economic and political reform and the idea of self-government were contributors. A series of reforms to the economy and government of the colonies, now called the Bourbon Reforms, are believed to be a factor. As the population and economy of ...
First, increasing control by the Crown of its overseas empire via the Bourbon Reforms of the mid-eighteenth century introduced changes to the relationship of Spanish Americans to the Crown. The language used to describe the overseas empire shifted from "kingdoms" with independent standing with the crown to "colonies" subordinate to Spain. [ 35 ]
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The Bourbon Reforms were not a unified or entirely coherent program, but instead a series of crown initiatives designed to revitalize the economies of its overseas possessions and make administration more efficient and firmly under control of the crown. Record keeping improved and records were more centralized.
The government of Spain, to streamline the operation of its colonial empire, began introducing what became known as the Bourbon Reforms throughout South America. [7] In 1776, as part of these reforms, it created the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata by separating Upper Peru (modern Bolivia) and the territory that is now Argentina from the Viceroyalty of Peru.