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Beta 2-adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic β 2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β 2 adrenergic receptor. Like other β adrenergic agonists , they cause smooth muscle relaxation. β 2 adrenergic agonists' effects on smooth muscle cause dilation of bronchial passages , vasodilation in muscle and liver ...
Terbutaline, sold under the brand names Bricanyl and Marex among others, is a β 2 adrenergic receptor agonist, used as a "reliever" inhaler in the management of asthma symptoms and as a tocolytic (anti-contraction medication) to delay preterm labor for up to 48 hours.
It was marketed in 1990. Formoterol, another long-acting β 2-agonist, was marketed shortly after. This long duration of action made the treatment for severe asthma and COPD more convenient for the patients because it is inhaled twice a day. [1] In 2013 an extra long-acting β 2-agonist, vilanterol, was marketed. Its duration of action lasts ...
Evidence is inconclusive regarding the efficacy of levosalbutamol versus salbutamol or salbutamol-levosalbutamol combinations, though levosalbutamol is believed to have a better safety profile due to its more selective binding to β 2 receptors (primarily in the lungs) versus β 1 (primarily in heart muscle). [2] [3]
SGLT2 inhibitors block the sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 proteins in renal tubules of nephrons in kidneys, reabsorption of glucose in into the renal tubules, promoting excretion of glucose in the urine. This causes both mild weight loss, and a mild reduction in blood sugar levels with little risk of hypoglycemia. [49]
The action of sympathomimetic drugs can be classified as direct and indirect action. The direct mode of activating adrenergic receptors involve the mimicking of endogenous molecules through agonist molecules, and the indirect mode of action involve mechanisms of increasing the release, or decreasing the breakdown and removal of noradrenaline. [11]
Additionally, some medications that reduce blood sugars such as insulin may initially cause weight gain due to the increased conversion of blood sugar to stored forms such as fat. [29] Therefore, in patients with diabetes, providers may try other medications that lower blood sugar but not cause as much weight gain.
Reactive hypoglycemia, postprandial hypoglycemia, or sugar crash is a term describing recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurring within four hours [1] after a high carbohydrate meal in people with and without diabetes. [2] The term is not necessarily a diagnosis since it requires an evaluation to determine the cause of the ...
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