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The Zaporozhian Cossacks had various social and ethnic origins but were predominantly made up of escaped serfs who preferred the dangerous freedom of the wild steppes, rather than life under the rule of Polish aristocrats. However, townspeople, lesser noblemen and even Crimean Tatars also became part of the Cossack host.
The free time of the Cossacks was filled with various physical exercises: competitions in swimming, running, rowing, wrestling, fistfights, etc. All these and other exercises had a military orientation and were a good means of physical training of the Cossacks. Among the Zaporozhian Cossacks, various systems of martial arts have become widespread.
Similarly to the events in imperial Cossack hosts, a revival of Cossack self-organization also took place in Ukraine, inspired by the traditions of the Zaporozhian Sich and Cossack Hetmanate. In April 1917 a congress in Zvenyhorodka , Kyiv Governorate , established Free Cossacks as a volunteer militia in order "to defend the liberties of the ...
Even Princes Konstanty Ostrogski and Bohdan Hlinski were conducting Cossack raids on Tatar uluses (districts). The commanders of Zaporozhian Host (the Kish) often considered as hetmans in fact carried a title of Kish Otaman. As from 1572, [2] hetman was the unofficial title of commanders of the Registered Cossack Army of the Polish–Lithuanian ...
Turkish-Tatar army launched their campaign into the Sich once the rivers froze, at night to avoid getting detected. However, they were noticed by a Cossack named Shevchuk or Chefchika, who alerted his comrades, and made the presence of intruders in the Sich known to the other 150–350 Cossacks, which allowed them to react on time and equip their guns.
4,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks and 3,000 Don Cossacks unexpectedly met each other as they were moving through Crimean and Nogai steppes. [4] [7] Zaporozhian leader Pavlo Pavliuk and Don leader Mikhail Tatarinov decided to change their respective plans, instead planning a joint campaign on the Ottoman fortress of Azov.
The Zaporozhian Cossacks were not the only notable group of Cossacks; others included the Don Cossack Host, Sloboda Cossacks, Terek Cossacks and Yaik Cossacks. [8] As the Tsardom of Muscovy took over the disputed Cossack lands from Poland–Lithuania, all Cossacks eventually came under Russian rule, but the Tsarist and later Imperial government ...
Such plans of Catherine II did not provide for the existence of the Cossack state of the Cossack Hetmanate, or the Cossack liberties, or the Zaporozhian Sich. [1] The term sich is a noun related to the Eastern Slavic verb sich' ( сѣчь ), meaning "to chop" or "cut"; it may have been associated with the usual wood sharp-spiked stockades ...