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Plasmatocytes are the hemocytes responsible for cell ingestion (phagocytosis) and represent about 95% of circulating hemocytes. Crystal cells are only found in the larval stage of Drosophila, and they are involved in melanization, a process by which microbes/pathogens are engulfed in a hardened gel and destroyed via anti-microbial peptides and ...
It is composed of a fluid plasma in which hemolymph cells called hemocytes are suspended. In addition to hemocytes, the plasma also contains many chemicals. It is the major tissue type of the open circulatory system characteristic of arthropods (for example, arachnids, crustaceans and insects).
Nutrients, hormones, wastes, and other substances are transported throughout the insect body in the hemolymph. Hemocytes include many types of cells that are important for immune responses, wound healing, and other functions. Hemolymph pressure may be increased by muscle contractions or by swallowing air into the digestive system to aid in molting.
The vein forming the boundary of the cell along the costal margin is known as the subcostal vein q.v. The vein forming the lower boundary towards the dorsum is called the median vein. In the case of butterflies, the cell is closed by a vein connecting the origins of veins 6 to 4 along the top of the cell which is known as discocellular vein ...
It appears that the major scavenger cell systems of vertebrates and invertebrates are based on a dual-cell principle of waste clearance. [11] In vertebrates, distinct populations of scavenger endothelial cells represent the professional pinocyte, clearing the blood of a wide range of soluble macromolecules and small particles (<200 nm) by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, [13] while the ...
Rather, NK cells destroy compromised host cells, such as tumor cells or virus-infected cells, recognizing such cells by a condition known as "missing self". This term describes cells with abnormally low levels of a cell-surface marker called MHC I ( major histocompatibility complex ) - a situation that can arise in viral infections of host ...
A blood cell (also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).
T helper cells (also known as effector T cells or T h cells), a sub-group of lymphocytes, are responsible for the activation of macrophages. T h 1 cells activate macrophages by signaling with IFN-gamma and displaying the protein CD40 ligand. [77] Other signals include TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharides from bacteria. [75]