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Josiah Stamp is often given credit for introducing it in a 1935 speech, but although he did help to popularize it, a variant regarding a car's gas tank occurs in print with the optimism/pessimism connotations as early as 1929, and the glass-with-water version is mentioned simply as an intellectual paradox about the quantity of water (without ...
It refers to the question "Is the glass half empty or half full?", used as an indicator of optimism or pessimism. To test this in animals, an individual is trained to anticipate that stimulus A, e.g. a 20 Hz tone, precedes a positive event, e.g. highly desired food is delivered when a lever is pressed by the animal.
The hypothesis is that the animal's "mood" will bias the choice of levers after the test stimulus; if positive, it will tend to choose lever A, if negative it will tend to choose lever B. The hypothesis is tested by manipulating factors that might affect mood – for example, the type of housing the animal is kept in. [ 3 ]
[2] Some research has suggested a pessimistic explanatory style may be correlated with depression [ 3 ] and physical illness . [ 4 ] The concept of explanatory style encompasses a wide range of possible responses to both positive and negative occurrences, rather than a black-white difference between optimism and pessimism.
As a result, optimism often gets overlooked. However, psychologist and author Morgan Housel thinks being able to balance the two is an underrated ability that Gates’ has mastered—and so could you.
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Juan Soto watches his solo home run in Game 2 of the 2024 World Series at Dodger Stadium. He hit .327 this past postseason for the Yankees with four homers, nine RBI and a 1.102 OPS in 14 games.
She is known for her clinical research on optimism and pessimism in relation to health, stress, and general well-being. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Segerstrom was the 2002 first prize recipient of the Templeton Positive Psychology Prize [ 4 ] for her work "aimed at understanding the processes behind optimistic dispositions and beliefs and, in particular ...