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  2. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    In a string-net liquid, atoms have apparently unstable arrangement, like a liquid, but are still consistent in overall pattern, like a solid. When in a normal solid state, the atoms of matter align themselves in a grid pattern, so that the spin of any electron is the opposite of the spin of all electrons touching it.

  3. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Chain-melted state: Metals, such as potassium, at high temperature and pressure, present properties of both a solid and liquid. Wigner crystal: a crystalline phase of low-density electrons. Hexatic state, a state of matter that is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. Ferroics

  4. Solid-state physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_physics

    Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy. It is the largest branch of condensed matter physics. Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale ...

  5. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    Strange matter is a particular form of quark matter, ... Similarly in Optics he conjectures that God created matter as "solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, ...

  6. Phase (matter) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

    Useful mesophases between solid and liquid form other states of matter. Distinct phases may also exist within a given state of matter. As shown in the diagram for iron alloys, several phases exist for both the solid and liquid states. Phases may also be differentiated based on solubility as in polar (hydrophilic) or non-polar (hydrophobic). A ...

  7. Condensed matter physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics

    Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons. More generally, the subject deals with condensed phases of matter: systems of many constituents with strong ...

  8. Introduction to Solid State Physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Solid...

    Introduction to Solid State Physics, known colloquially as Kittel, is a classic condensed matter physics textbook written by American physicist Charles Kittel in 1953. [1] The book has been highly influential and has seen widespread adoption; Marvin L. Cohen remarked in 2019 that Kittel's content choices in the original edition played a large ...

  9. Degenerate matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate_matter

    This solid state contrasts with degenerate matter that forms the body of a white dwarf, where most of the electrons would be treated as occupying free particle momentum states. Exotic examples of degenerate matter include neutron degenerate matter, strange matter, metallic hydrogen and white dwarf matter.