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Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are anticholinergics. Parasympatholytic agents and sympathomimetic agents have similar effects to each other, although some differences between the two groups can be observed. For example, both cause mydriasis, but parasympatholytics reduce accommodation (cycloplegia), whereas sympathomimetics do not.
Mydriasis can be induced via modulation of adrenergic or cholinergic signalling. Drugs that can cause mydriasis include: Stimulants (typically monoaminergics) such as amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, and mephedrone. Anticholinergics such as diphenhydramine, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine antagonize the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in
Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.
Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3] It works by making the muscles within the eye unable to respond to nerve signals. [3] Tropicamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [6]
Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells .
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"The virus has an affinity for cats and they do not do well," she claimed. That's not to say that dogs or other mammals can't contract H5N1, it's just hitting cats very hard. "Cats right now have ...
Cats pant after playing to keep themselves from overheating. Cats only sweat through the paws, so cooling down can be harder for them especially if they are one of the longhaired cat breeds .