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The Constitution of the Year III (French: Constitution de l’an III) was the constitution of the French First Republic that established the Executive Directory. Adopted by the convention on 5 Fructidor Year III (22 August 1795) and approved by plebiscite on 6 September. Its preamble is the Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man and of the ...
Two referendums were held in France on 6 September 1795: one adopting the Constitution of the Year III establishing the Directory, and another on the Two-Thirds Decree reserving two-thirds of the seats in the new Council of Five Hundred and Council of Ancients for former members of the National Convention. [1]
Deputy Jean-Baptiste Desmolin from Gers in official uniform of member of the Council of Five Hundred (portrait by Laneuville). The Council of Five Hundred was established under the Constitution of Year III which was adopted by a referendum on 24 September 1795, [2] and constituted after the first elections which were held from 12–21 October 1795.
Constitutional Laws of 1875 of the Third Republic, 24 and 25 February, and 16 July 1875. 20th century: [3] Constitutional Law of 1940 adopted 10 July 1940, established Vichy France. Constitutional law of 2 November 1945, organized the Provisional Government of the French Republic. Constitution of 27 October 1946, established the Fourth Republic ...
The Council of Ancients or Council of Elders (French: Conseil des Anciens) was the upper house of the French legislature under the Constitution of the Year III, during the period commonly known as the Directory (French: Directoire), from 22 August 1795 until 9 November 1799, roughly the second half of the period generally referred to as the French Revolution.
The new Constitution of the Year III was presented to the Convention and debated between 4 July – 17 August 1795, and was formally adopted on 22 August 1795. It was a long document, with 377 articles, compared with 124 in the first French Constitution of 1793 .
The new system is seen by many historians as imitating the British parliamentary system, while expanding on what is now known as the French system of a separate executive and assembly, which work in conjunction (this being a mix of parliamentary and presidential known as semi-presidentialism).
13 Vendémiaire, Year 4 in the French Republican Calendar (5 October 1795 in the Gregorian calendar), was a battle between the French Revolutionary troops and Royalist forces in the streets of Paris. This battle was part of the establishing of a new form of government, the Directory , and it was a major factor in the rapid advancement of ...