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A patella fracture is a break of the kneecap. [1] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and bruising to the front of the knee. [ 1 ] A person may also be unable to walk. [ 1 ]
Salter–Harris Fracture Types. There are nine types of Salter–Harris fractures; types I to V as described by Robert B. Salter and William H. Harris in 1963, [3] and the rarer types VI to IX which have been added subsequently: [5] Type I – transverse fracture through the growth plate (also referred to as the "physis"): [6] 6% incidence
The Le Fort III fracture (transverse fracture) occurs at the level of the skull base, resulting in complete craniofacial separation of the midface from the base of the skull. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The fracture line extends through the zygomatic arch , the pterygoid plates , the lateral and medial orbital walls , the nasal bones , and the nasal septum .
Transverse fracture At a right angle to the bone's long axis May occur when the bone is bent, [35] and snaps in the middle. Oblique fracture Diagonal to a bone's long axis (more than 30°) more images: Spiral fracture or torsion fracture At least one part of the bone has been twisted (image shows an arm-wrestler) Torsion on the bone [35]
Transverse fractures may extend into the orbital roofs or the ethmoid plate, causing periorbital hemorrhage or extensive nasal bleeding, respectively. A fracture through the sella can lead to profuse blood aspiration. A common mechanism for transverse fractures is a sharp blow to the chin, such as a fall onto a hard surface.
A supracondylar humerus fracture is a fracture of the distal humerus just above the elbow joint. The fracture is usually transverse or oblique and above the medial and lateral condyles and epicondyles. This fracture pattern is relatively rare in adults, but is the most common type of elbow fracture in children. [1]
Main feature of this type of fracture is a transverse subcondylar fracture with dissociation of the metaphysis from the diaphysis. The fracture pattern of the condyles is variable and all types of fractures can occur. This is a high energy injury with a complex mechanism that includes varus and valgus forces.
A Colles' fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards. [2] Symptoms may include pain, swelling , deformity, and bruising . [ 2 ] Complications may include damage to the median nerve .