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Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. [1] The field is also known as proctology , but this term is now used infrequently within medicine and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular.
Routine use of colonoscopy screening varies globally. In the US, colonoscopy is a commonly recommended and widely utilized screening method for colorectal cancer, often beginning at age 45 or 50, depending on risk factors and guidelines from organizations like the American Cancer Society. [9] However, screening practices differ worldwide.
An endoclip is a metallic mechanical device used in endoscopy in order to close two mucosal surfaces without the need for surgery and suturing. Its function is similar to a suture in gross surgical applications, as it is used to join together two disjointed surfaces, but, can be applied through the channel of an endoscope under direct visualization
The use of preparations similar to opium in surgery is recorded in the Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical papyrus written in the Eighteenth Dynasty. [42] [44] [47] However, it is questionable whether opium itself was known in ancient Egypt. [48] The Greek gods Hypnos (Sleep), Nyx (Night), and Thanatos (Death) were often depicted holding poppies ...
The first video-assisted laparoscopic surgery was performed in 1987, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. [55] Before this time, the operating field was visualised by surgeons directly via a laparoscope. In 1987, Alfred Cuschieri performed the first minimally invasive surgery in the UK with his team at Ninewells Hospital after working with multiple ...
In cancer patients, lesions are commonly tattooed via colonoscopy before colectomy to give the surgeon an intraoperative visual guide. [1] For non-emergent procedures, patients are typically instructed to follow a clear liquid diet or fast and take a mechanical bowel preparation (oral osmotic agents or laxative) to clear the bowels before surgery.
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Roman medical practices, including surgery, were borrowed from the Greeks, with many Roman surgeons coming from Greece. In the 2nd century CE, Galen, a Greek physician advanced Roman surgical knowledge by combining Greek and Roman medical knowledge. [1] Aulus Cornelius Celsus was a Roman encyclopedist notable for his work De Medicina. The text ...