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Gastrointestinal infections (37%) and food poisoning are the two most common causes of acute nausea and vomiting. [1] Side effects from medications (3%) and pregnancy are also relatively frequent. [1] There are many causes of chronic nausea. [1] Nausea and vomiting remain undiagnosed in 10% of the cases.
Nausea and vomiting can be extremely distressing for patients, and so is one of their major concerns. [10] Vomiting has been associated with major complications, such as pulmonary aspiration of gastric content, and might endanger surgical outcomes after certain procedures, for example after maxillofacial surgery with wired jaws.
Adults, especially the elderly, may show a more complicated presentation. [2] [6] Complications may include neurological problems and heart failure. [1] Most cases occur after infectious diarrhea due to a specific type of E. coli called O157:H7. [2] Other causes include S. pneumoniae, Shigella, Salmonella, and certain medications.
Inadequate intake of free water associated with total body sodium depletion. Typically in elderly or otherwise disabled patients who are unable to take in water as their thirst dictates and also are sodium depleted. This is the most common cause of hypernatremia. [citation needed]
Drug reaction (vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response to): [citation needed] Alcohol, which can be partially oxidized into acetaldehyde that causes the symptoms of hangover, including nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, and fast heart rate. [22] Opioids; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Many chemotherapy drugs
“It’s not unusual for people—after a night of heavy drinking—to have a stomachache and irregular bowels, even if the intake falls short of a binge that results in nausea and vomiting.”
The causes of hyponatremia are typically classified by a person's body fluid status into low volume, normal volume, or high volume. [4] Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. [4] Normal volume hyponatremia is divided into cases with dilute urine and concentrated urine. [4]
Nausea can be caused by weight loss drugs, pregnancy, food poisoning, migraines. Doctors share home remedies for nausea, including ginger and peppermint.