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It is the responsibility of a manufacturer of vehicles and/or vehicle lamps to certify that each motor vehicle and/or lamp is in full compliance with the minimum performance requirements of FMVSS 108. This is a self-certification process as opposed to the type approval process which is used in other lighting regulations such as UNECE Regulation 48.
The incandescent light bulb was for a long time the only light source used in automotive lighting. Incandescent bulbs are still commonly used in turn signals to stop hyper-flashing of the turn signal flashers. Many types of bulbs have been used. Standardized type numbers are used by manufacturers to identify bulbs with the same specifications.
charge indicator (charge control light) B+ battery + 51, 51B+, B+30, B+51 B- battery - 31B- D+ dynamo/alternator diode+ D- dynamo/alternator diode- DF dynamo field DF1 dynamo field 1 DF2 dynamo field 2 U, V, W AC three phase terminals Lights 54 brake lights 54g lights 54 55 fog light N 56 spot light 56a headlamp high beam and indicator light 56b
The automobile self starter was an early engine system to use this. Lighting, which had previously been provided by kerosene lamps or gas lamps, was one of the first common electrical accessories. Early systems used 6 volts, but 12 volts became the standard because it provided greater power with less current.
This is a list of auto parts, which are manufactured components of automobiles. This list reflects both fossil-fueled cars (using internal combustion engines ) and electric vehicles ; the list is not exhaustive.
For reflector systems D2S P32d-2 85 V / 35 W For projector systems D3R PK32d-6 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free Integral ignitor For reflector systems D3S PK32d-5 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free Integral ignitor For projector systems D4R P32d-6 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free For reflector systems D4S P32d-5 42 V / 35 W Mercury-free For projector systems D5S PK32d-[7]
The earliest electronic systems available as factory installations were vacuum tube car radios, starting in the early 1930s.The development of semiconductors after World War II greatly expanded the use of electronics in automobiles, with solid-state diodes making the automotive alternator the standard after about 1960, and the first transistorized ignition systems appearing in 1963.
Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems.