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An illustration of the inner chambers of a Myrmecodia plant. Myrmecodia is a genus of epiphytic plants, present in Indochina, Malesia, Papuasia, and Queensland, Australia.It is one of five ant-plant genera in the family Rubiaceae, the others being Anthorrhiza, Hydnophytum, Myrmephytum, and Squamellaria.
Myrmecodia beccarii, ant-house plant, is an epiphytic plant on Melaleuca trees and others with spongy bark in the wetlands and mangroves of tropical north Queensland, Australia from Cooktown to Mission Beach. The prickly, swollen caudex develops natural hollows which are colonised by the golden ant (Philidris cordatus) in a symbiotic ...
Myrmecotrophy, meaning "ant-fed," is the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from debris piles left by ant nests or, in the case of Nepenthes bicalcarata, from ant egesta. [13] The tropical tree Cecropia peltata obtains 98% of its nitrogen from the waste deposited by its ant counterparts.
The ants were fed honey-water containing varying isotopic solutions - phosphate, sulfate, or methionine. Sections of the plant were later cut, collected, and chloroformed to kill ants in order to perform an autoradiography. Different areas of the plants were tested in order to compare the different depositions and uptake from the various surfaces.
Ants likewise provide defense for the plant and prevent tissue damage, swarming to defend their home if disturbed. [1] Ant colonies also provide nutrients to the plants by leaving wastes within the tunnels inside the caudex. Special glands lining the tunnels then absorb nutriment for the plant. This symbiosis allows the plants to effectively ...
H.ferrugineum is a subshrub in the genus Hydnophytum, one of two genera of "ant plants" or "ant house plants". It is a member of the family Rubiaceae of angiosperms. H.ferrugineum can grow to be 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and 60 cm (24 in) in height. It has mesomorphic palmately veined glossy leaves arranged oppositely on the stem.
The plant also produces food bodies that the ants use as their main food source. The ants in turn defend the plant against predation by herbivorous caterpillars and fungi. Adding to the complexity of this food web is the beetle Tarsobaenus letourneauae, a specialized predator which lives in the plant's petioles and feeds upon the ants and their ...
Myrmecochory is exhibited by more than 3,000 plant species worldwide [3] and is present in every major biome on all continents except Antarctica. [4] Seed dispersal by ants is particularly common in the dry heath and sclerophyll woodlands of Australia (1,500 species) and the South African fynbos (1,000 species).
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