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A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics , semiconductors , internet, telecom equipment , e ...
Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case. It includes external devices such as a monitor, mouse, keyboard, and speakers. [1] [2]
The history of computing hardware is often used to reference the different generations of computing devices: First generation computers (1940-1955): It used vacuum tubes such as the 6J6 [3] or specially designed tubes - or even mechanical arrangements, and were relatively slow, energy-hungry and the earliest computers were less flexible in ...
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware , software , electronics, semiconductors ...
File systems allow users and programs to organize and sort files on a computer, often through the use of directories (or folders). Permanent storage devices used in twenty-first century computers, unlike volatile dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), are still accessible after a crash or power failure.
It revolutionized the electronics industry, [20] [21] becoming the most widely used electronic device in the world. [22] [23] The MOSFET is the basic element in most modern electronic equipment. [24] [25] As the complexity of circuits grew, problems arose. [26] One problem was the size of the circuit. A complex circuit like a computer was ...
Several categories of portable computing devices can run on batteries but are not usually classified as laptops: portable computers, PDAs, ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs), tablets, and smartphones. A portable computer is a general-purpose computer that can be easily moved from place to place, but cannot be used while in transit, usually because it ...