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Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition—that is, one existing from birth—exclusively involving the skin.The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot. [6]
An infantile hemangioma (IH), sometimes called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. [1] [2] Other names include capillary hemangioma, [6] "strawberry hemangioma", [7]: 593 strawberry birthmark [8] and strawberry nevus.
Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by immune system action. Bruises which do not blanch under pressure can involve capillaries at the level of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone ...
Long-term steroid use, on the other hand, causes thinning of the skin, making it more susceptible to bruising. That same logic applies to older folks’ tendency to bruise like a peach.
A little over 1 in 10 babies have a vascular birthmark present by age 1. [2] Several birthmark types are part of the group of skin lesions known as nevi or naevi, which is Latin for "birthmarks". Birthmarks occur as a result of a localized imbalance in factors controlling the development and migration of skin cells .
Blueberry muffin lesions in the newborn indicate the prolongation of skin blood production after birth. [3] Diagnosis involves a combination of appearance and laboratory studies, including blood tests for complete blood count, TORCH infections, haemoglobin, viral cultures and Coombs test. [1] A skin biopsy may be useful. [1]
Bronze baby syndrome (dark pigmentation of skin). The primary symptom is yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] A bilirubin level more than 34 μmol/L (2 mg/dL) may be visible. [1]
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. [1] The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3]