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  2. Using available data, he obtains a velocity of 310 740 000 m/s and states "This velocity is so nearly that of light, that it seems we have strong reason to conclude that light itself (including radiant heat, and other radiations if any) is an electromagnetic disturbance in the form of waves propagated through the electromagnetic field according ...

  3. History of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_thermodynamics

    The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...

  4. List of textbooks in electromagnetism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_textbooks_in...

    Schantz also continues that concepts like impedance, Smith chart, antenna, and electromagnetic energy flow, are not appreciated by physicists. [163] Mathematician Sergei Schelkunoff who made many contributions to engineering electromagnetism also noted differences between physicist's and electrical engineer's view in electromagnetism.

  5. History of electromagnetic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_electromagnetic...

    In 1900 he interpreted Lorentz's local time as the result of clock synchronization by light signals, and introduced the electromagnetic momentum by comparing electromagnetic energy to what he called a "fictitious fluid" of mass = /. And finally in June and July 1905 he declared the relativity principle a general law of nature, including ...

  6. Helmholtz reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_reciprocity

    Magnetic objective lens systems have been used in TEM to achieve atomic-scale resolution while maintaining a magnetic field free environment at the plane of the sample, [31] but the method of doing so still requires a large magnetic field above (and below) the sample, thus negating any reciprocity enhancement effects that one might expect. This ...

  7. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_the_Theories...

    A 1933 portrait of E. T. Whittaker by Arthur Trevor Haddon. The book was originally written in the period immediately following the publication of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers and several years following the early work of Max Planck; it was a transitional period for physics, where special relativity and old quantum theory were gaining traction.

  8. Dielectric heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_heating

    The imaginary part of the (frequency-dependent) relative permittivity is a measure for the ability of a dielectric material to convert electromagnetic field energy into heat, also called dielectric loss. (The real part of the permittivity is the normal effect of capacitance and results in non-dissipative reactive power.)

  9. Classical electromagnetism and special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_electromagnetism...

    The theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism.It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic fields, are altered under a Lorentz transformation from one inertial frame of reference to another.