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By contrast, ammonia is basic and highly polar (1.47 D). [12] This contrast reflects the differing electronegativities of H vs F. Similar to dioxygen, NF 3 is a potent yet sluggish oxidizer. [6] It oxidizes hydrogen chloride to chlorine: [citation needed] 2 NF 3 + 6 HCl → 6 HF + N 2 + 3 Cl 2
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also known as the H-bond.
Phosphorus trifluoride (formula P F 3), is a colorless and odorless gas.It is highly toxic and reacts slowly with water. Its main use is as a ligand in metal complexes.As a ligand, it parallels carbon monoxide in metal carbonyls, [1] and indeed its toxicity is due to its binding with the iron in blood hemoglobin in a similar way to carbon monoxide.
The F 3 NO molecule has C 3V symmetry, with all the N-F bonds being equivalent. The shape is almost a tetrahedron as N-O bond is similar to the N-F bonds in nature. [1] The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of 19 F has a triplet line around −363 ppm. J NF is 136 Hz. [1]
Like ammonia, NCl 3 is a pyramidal molecule. The N-Cl distances are 1.76 Å, and the Cl-N-Cl angles are 107°. [4] Nitrogen trichloride can form in small amounts when public water supplies are disinfected with monochloramine, and in swimming pools by disinfecting chlorine reacting with urea in urine and sweat from bathers.
This approach causes the electrons of the non-polar molecule to be polarized toward or away from the dipole (or "induce" a dipole) of the approaching molecule. [13] Specifically, the dipole can cause electrostatic attraction or repulsion of the electrons from the non-polar molecule, depending on orientation of the incoming dipole. [13]
Possible structure of NF 5 (left) and analogous fluorohydrides. For a NF 5 molecule to form, five fluorine atoms have to be arranged around a nitrogen atom. There is insufficient space to do this at typical nitrogen–fluorine covalent-bond lengths, so at least some bonds are forced to be longer.
Some argue that the hydrophobic interaction is mostly an entropic effect originating from the disruption of highly dynamic hydrogen bonds between molecules of liquid water by the nonpolar solute. [16] A hydrocarbon chain or a similar nonpolar region of a large molecule is incapable of forming hydrogen bonds with water.