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In early research of depression in children, there was debate as to whether or not children could clinically fit the criteria for major depressive disorder. [67] However, since the 1970s, it has been accepted among the psychological community that depression in children can be clinically significant. [67]
For children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe depressive disorder, fluoxetine seems to be the best treatment (either with or without cognitive behavioural therapy) but more research is needed to be certain. [189] [183] [190] [184] Sertraline, escitalopram, duloxetine might also help in reducing symptoms. Some antidepressants have not ...
Children with generalized social anxiety disorder may be more likely to experience a major depressive episode. [19] Other risk factors for a depressive episode include: [3] Early childhood trauma; Family history of a mood disorder; Lack of interpersonal relationships; Personality (insecure, worried, stress-sensitive, obsessive, unassertive ...
A result of depression during adolescence and adulthood may be substance abuse. [59] [60] The average age of onset is between 11 and 14 years for depressive disorders. [60] Only approximately 25% of children with behavioral problems refer to medical services. [59] The majority of children go untreated. [59]
Childhood-onset fluency disorder, more commonly known as stuttering, disturbs the normal flow and timing of speech. These disturbances may be sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, pauses in the middle of words or speech, excess physical tension when pronouncing words, or the repetitions of one syllable words.
Mental illnesses were well known in ancient Mesopotamia, [145] where diseases and mental disorders were believed to be caused by specific deities. [146] Because hands symbolized control over a person, mental illnesses were known as "hands" of certain deities. [146] One psychological illness was known as Qāt Ištar, meaning "Hand of Ishtar". [146]
The majority of people around the globe do not meet their potential best health because of a "toxic combination of bad policies, economics, and politics". [1] Daily living conditions work together with these structural drivers to result in the social determinants of health. [1] Poverty and poor health are inseparably linked. [1]
An estimated 4.4 percent of the global population has depression, according to a report released by the UN World Health Organization (WHO), which shows an 18 percent increase in the number of people living with depression between 2005 and 2015. [64] [65] [66] Depression is a major mental-health cause of disease burden.