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Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T 4), which is secreted by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine and thyroxine are chemically identical: natural thyroxine is also in the "levo" chiral form, the difference is only in terminological preference. T 4 is biosynthesized from tyrosine. Approximately 5% of the US population suffers from over ...
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics , antihistamines and decongestants , among many others.
A dry cough, on the other hand, is commonly associated with irritated or inflamed upper airways, says Glen B. Chun, M.D., an assistant professor of medicine and clinical director of Mount Sinai's ...
Dextromethorphan's effects have been divided into four plateaus. [14] The first plateau (1.5 to 2.5 mg per kg body weight) is described as having euphoria, auditory changes, mild stimulation, and change in perception of gravity. The second plateau (2.5 to 7.5 mg/kg) causes intense euphoria, vivid imagination, and closed-eye hallucinations.
These two effects explain its effect in treating acute lung injury caused by paraquat. [6] Ambroxol has recently been shown to increase activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Because of this it may be a useful therapeutic agent for both Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. [14]
Adding liothyronine to levothyroxine has been suggested as a measure to provide better symptom control, but this has not been confirmed by studies. [9] [16] [66] In 2007, the British Thyroid Association stated that combined T 4 and T 3 therapy carried a higher rate of side effects and no benefit over T 4 alone.
[9] [1] [10] [11] It was once common in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. The medication is taken orally. [4] [12] Side effects of phenylpropanolamine include increased heart rate and blood pressure. [13] [14] [15] [12] Rarely, PPA has been associated with hemorrhagic stroke.
Side effects are rare and may include dizziness and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or vomiting. Adverse effects such as constipation, drowsiness, excitation, ataxia and respiratory depression have been reported occasionally or after large doses. The primary safety concerns with pholcodine revolve around death during general ...